LAEMEが提供しているマニュアル

LAEME (A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English)が提供しているマニュアルの一覧はメニュー左側 “Documents” にカーソルを当てると出てきます。各機能の使用方法は “Task Key” にカーソルを当てると表示されます。LAEMEのマニュアルへのアクセスは必ずしも直感的とはいえないため、以下に便宜のためにリンクと引用を行っています。今後、日本語での説明を加える予定です。

公式のDocumentsへのリンク

Preface and Acknowledgements
Introduction > Chapter 1: Preliminaries
Introduction > Chapter 2: Interpreting Middle English
Introduction > Chapter 3: Overview
Introduction > Chapter 4: Tagging

Guide to the Index of Sources
Text Keys (PDF)
Lexel List (Excel)
Lexel Specifiers (PDF)
Grammel Commentary (PDF)
Key to LAEME Maps (PDF)
LAEME Bibliography

各機能のTask Keys (LAEMEより)

Index of Sources

SEARCH THE INDEX OF SOURCES
The Index of Sources contains information about the manuscript texts which are the sources of the transcribed and lexico-grammatically tagged texts in the LAEME Corpus of Tagged Texts. The Index is arranged in a searchable database table. This search task allows you to search for a word or phrase (the Search String) in one or more fields of the table and to select separately the fields you wish to be displayed in the output from the record which contains the Search String.
Check the boxes for the fields you wish to search. To search the complete record check ‘All fields’.

SEARCH FOR STRING
Enter in the text box the word or phrase that you wish to search for. If there is more than one word, you can search for: (1) ‘Any word’ in the phrase, where a match in a record will be the occurrence of one or more of the specified words; (2) ‘All words’ in the phrase, where a match in a record will the occurrence of each of the words, severally or jointly; (3) ‘Exact phrase’, where a match in a record will be the occurrence of the words as a unit.

CASE SENSITIVITY
The search can be made ‘Sensitive’ or ‘Not sensitive’ to case of the Search String.

PRINT
Check the boxes for the fields you wish to be printed to the Taskarea as output of the search. To display the complete record check ‘All fields’.

DO THE SEARCH

To activate the search and retrieve output click the button ‘Search Index of Sources’. If the search string or any part of it is not found, a message will output ‘Your search did not produce any results.’

Corpus Files

CORPUS FILES

The base LAEME corpus texts contain the transcribed manuscript text as lexico-grammatically tagged. These are held in text files with the extention ‘.tag’. From these Tagged Texts are derived Text Dictionaries. A Text Dictionary contains the content of the Tagged Text (excluding commentaries) as an alphnumerically ordered list. Each unique Tag is a head word followed by list of the variant Forms associated with the Tag and each Form is followed by a frequency count of the Form’s occurrence in relation to the Tag. Text Dictionaries are referenced by the extension ‘.dic’.

SEARCH FOR CORPUS FILES

There are two basic ways to find Corpus Files: (1) Clicking Search by Tag and / or Form provides a menu to select a type of Tag (Suffix, Grammatical Word, Inflexion, Number, Lexis) with the further option of selecting by Form; (2) clicking Search By County brings up a menu to select one or more counties to which a Tagged Text has been localised in LAEME (Tagged Texts unlocalised may also be selected.

Tag Dictionary

SELECT TYPE OF TAG

Tags have three basic forms: (1) Suffixes, Inflexions associated with Lexel, Numbers, Lexis have the form $lexel/grammel; (2) Grammatical Words and Inflexions only have the form $/grammel. The tag type affects what is entered in

ENTER SEARCH STRING

To select tag type (1), simply enter the initial character or characters ignoring the $. If the tag to be found is type (2) similarly enter the intial character or characters, ignoring initial – in the case of Suffixes and / in the case of Inflexions as well as $. Note that case matching of alphabetic characters in the case of tags is invariably SENSITIVE.

SUPPLY FREQUENCY COUNTS

YES – The number of attestations of each tag where it is associated with the head form is printed following the tag.

NO – No frequencies are given, only the associated tags.

RESTRICTIONS TO SCOPE OF SEARCH

Position in database forms where the string is to be found: INITIAL (default), FINAL, or MEDIAL (i.e. non-initial, non-final); FULL matches only the entire string entered; NONE indicates any position in a database form

SHOW NEGATIVES IN ELABORATED FORMAT

Negatives in LAEME contain an elaborated tagging added to the basic tag within ( ). This offers detailed information about the syntactic relationships in coordinated negative constructions. The default is to suppress these elaborations, i.e. information in ( ) will not be not appear in the output. To change this, select Yes.

Form Dictionary

MATCH STRING EXACTLY
NO – Any non-alphabetic characters before or within the string will be included in the output.
YES – The exact string only will be matched.

MATCH CASE OF ALPHABETIC CHARACTERS
NO – Case matching of alphabetic characters is INSENSITIVE.
YES – Case matching of alphabetic characters is SENSITIVE.

RESTRICTIONS TO SCOPE OF SEARCH
Position in database forms where the string is to be found, viz.
INITIAL (default), FINAL, or MEDIAL (i.e. non-initial, non-final)
NONE indicates any position in a database form

SUPPLY FREQUENCY COUNTS
YES – The number of attestations of each tag where it is associated with the head form is printed following the tag.
NO – No frequencies are given, only the associated tags.

Maps

MAPS
LAEME contains a set of feature maps for pre-selected items, as defined by lexico-grammatical tags. For details see Overview §5.

BROWSE FEATURE MAPS
Clicking this brings up a list of the available maps. Clicking the ‘Show Map’ button will create the map. This may take a few seconds. In the case of a few features (notably negation), the maps may take up to a few minutes to load; this is due to the high number of tags involved in those maps. The maps illustrate (with red dots) the geographical distribution of individual linguistic features as indicated by each map’s title. The three different sizes of dot show relative frequency of occurrence as described in Overview §5.1. Checking the ‘Show locations of other features’ button enables differentiation between those text languages which do not show the particular feature but which have some other form attested for that item (blue dots) from those which have no forms at all attested for that item (white dots). LAEME aims to present a set of philologically informed maps for each item, that are optimally comparable with those presented in eLALME. The Feature Maps are listed in alphabetical order of title. Individual maps can be located also by item name, by feature, or by any other element in the map title by using the ‘Find maps that have’ search box.

COMBINE FEATURE MAPS
Retrieve the data for up to four maps, to be displayed on one map. The user can choose the colour and shape of the symbols which will represent the different features.

CREATE A FEATURE MAP
Provides an option for users to make their own maps from the LAEME data.

KEY MAPS
The locations of LAEME texts are presented in a Key Map. ‘View Key Map’ displays the Key Map in the Taskarea; ‘Download Key Map’ allows you to download a .pdf version of the Key Map.

County Lists

COUNTY LIST
A County List is a dictionary for a Tag or set of Tags where the heads are the associated Forms, ordered alphanumerically. Each Form is followed by a list enumerating the counties to which texts containing the form have been localised. The counties are represented by a set of three-character abbreviations. Following each county abbreviation are the references numbers of the texts. Clicking on the text number will bring up a description of the text, abstracted from the LAEME Index of Sources. This also contains links to the full Tagged Text and to the Text Dictionary version.

SELECT TYPE OF TAG
It is necessary to specify Tag type for searching and if certain spellings of Forms are to be specified for the Search. Tags have three basic types: (1) Suffixes, Numbers, Lexis have the form $lexel/grammel; (2) Grammatical Words and Inflexions only have the form $/grammel. See further under

Documents: Grammel Commentary, Sections 3-6 and 9
Select the type of Tag and whether the search is to specify Tag only, Form only or Tag + Form. Clicking on Set Up Input will take you to the next menu.

Item Lists

ITEM LIST
An Item List is a dictionary for a Tag or set of Tags where the heads are the numbers of the LAEME texts. Each Text Number is followed by the abbreviation of the county in which it has been localised and then a list of the Forms associated with the Tag(s). Each form may be followed by a value indicating quantifying the occurrence of the Tag + Form association in the text.

Concordances

CONCORDANCES
To make a Concordance it is necessary first to specify part of a Tag Dictionary from which to select the specific Tags that will be the keys. Concordancing on Tags allows precise specification of the lexical and / or grammatical keys.

SELECT TYPE OF TAG
Tags have three basic forms: (1) Suffixes, Inflexions associated with Lexel, Numbers, Lexis have the form $lexel/grammel; (2) Grammatical Words and Inflexions only have the form $/grammel. See further

Documents: Grammel Commentary, Sections 3-6 and 9
The tag type affects what is entered in …

ENTER SEARCH STRING
To select tag type (1), simply enter the initial character or characters ignoring the $. If the tag to be found is type (2) similarly enter the intial character or characters, ignoring initial – in the case of Suffixes and / in the case of Inflexions as well as $. Note that case matching of alphabetic characters in the case of tags is invariably SENSITIVE.

RESTRICTIONS TO SCOPE OF SEARCH
Position in database forms where the string is to be found: INITIAL (default), FINAL, or MEDIAL (i.e. non-initial, non-final); FULL matches only the entire string entered; NONE indicates any position in a database form

検索で使用可能な正規表現

各検索欄の “Use regular expressions” のチェックボックスをオンにすると正規表現が利用可能です。LAEME上で利用可能な正規表現はMy SQLに基づきます。

詳細は以下の “Regular Expression Syntax” を参照してください。
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/regexp.html